Traumatic brain injury ( TBI) is one of the major causes of mortality and disability among young and middle-aged people. High mortality and disability rates impose a heavy economic burden on society. After TBI, rapid and standardized emergency treatment should be carried out to prevent or correct secondary injury factors leading to deterioration of nerve function, protect patients' nerve function, save lives and improve prognosis. Base on the latest research progress and literature review, the author summarizes several important aspects of TBI, especially the early treatment of severe TBI, and elaborates on several controversial issues in the treatment of severe TBI, providing reference for more standardized treatment.