With the increasing number of patients receiving fracture internal fixation,the number of patients with infection after fracture internal fixation (IAFIF) has gradually increased.IAFIF has severe consequences for the patients,not only increasing the financial burden,but also causing pain to the patient and family members.The diagnosis and treatment of IAFIF are relatively difficult,and there are few systematic etiological studies,so IAFIF has drawn much attetion from orthopedic surgeons.The authors summarize the clinical manifestations,etiological characteristics,research progress of IAFIF diagnosis and treatment,to provide reference for clinical practices.