Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication after joint replacement.It has become the primary cause of revision surgery after knee arthroplasty and the third cause of revision after hip replacement surgery.The risk factors involve the patient (intrinsic factor) and the environment (extrinsic factor),which can be further divided into uncontrollable factors such as the history of surgical infection and other factors related to age and sex of tumor,as well as the risk factors caused by patients' own characteristics and associated diseases,such as body mass index,smoking,diabetes,rheumatoid arthritis and medicine use.The authors summarize the patients' own characteristics,associated diseases and medication to comprehensively evaluate and understand how to reduce the risk of PJI in the perioperative period,so as to provide some reference for clinical treatment.