Objective To investigate effects of arthroscopic reconstruction of medial patellofemoral ligament （MPFL）using partial peroneus longus tendon autograft in treating recurrent patellar dislocation. Methods Forty-six patients (53 knees) with recurrent dislocation of patella received autologous partial peroneus longus tendon grafting for MPFL reconstruction after arthroscopic lateral retinaculum release from May 2009 to April 2010. Anatomic relation between femoral trochlea and patella, and motion path of patella were observed arthroscopically in adjustment of flexion and extension strength of grafted tendon in different angles. Successively, the tendon ends were fixed within bone tunnel of medial femoral condyle by using absorbable interface screws with synchronous superomedial displacement of tibial tuberosity. Stability of patellofemoral joint, dislocation recurrence, subjective symptoms of affected knees and general function recovery condition of affected limbs were studied. Results All patients were followed up for average 18 months (range, 12-24 months)， which showed the improvement of knee joint stability, without recurrence of patellar dislocation. Apprehensive test was negative. Axial X-ray films and CT of patella showed normal anatomical relation of patellofemoral joint. The Kujala patellar stability questionnaire scored (54.6±5.4) points before operation and (92.3±8.9) points after operation （t=55.41，P<0.01）. All patients showed some improvement of motor ability after operation. CT examination showed that the congruence angle of patella and femoral trochlea was improved from preoperative (27.8±8.1)°  to postoperative （2.3± 9.4）° （t=20.87，P<0.01）. Otherwise, ankle joint in the tendon donor site acted well, with normal function. Conclusion Arthroscopic lateral patellar retinaculum release and MPFL reconstruction using partial peroneus longus tendon autograft are effective in treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation in combination with superomedial displacement of tibial tuberosity, and avoid potential complications in tendon removal from around knee joint.