［1］Hospenthal DR, Murray CK, Andersen RC, et al. Guidelines for the prevention of infections associated with combat-related injuries: 2011 update: endorsed by the Infections Diseases Society of America and the Surgical Infection Society. J Trauma， 2011, 71(2 Suppl 2):S210-S234.
［3］Drosou A, Falabella A, Kirsner RS. Antiseptics on wounds: an area of controversy. Wounds, 2003, 15（5）:149-166.
［4］Lipsky BA, Hoey C. Topical antimicrobial therapy for treating chronic wounds. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 49(10):1541-1549.
［5］Smith RG. A critical discussion of the use of antiseptics in acute traumatic wounds. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc, 2005, 95(2):148-153.
［6］Okike K, Bhattacharyya T. Trends in the management of open fractures.A critical analysis. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2006, 88(12):2739-2748.
［7］Leininger BE, Rasmussen TE, Smith DL, et al. Experience with wound VAC and delayed primary closure of contaminated soft tissue injuries in Iraq. J Trauma, 2006, 61(5):1207-1211.
［8］Flow Investigators. Fluid lavage of open wounds (FLOW): design and rationale for a large, multicenter collaborative 2×3 factorial trial of irrigating pressures and solutions in patients with open fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2010, 11:85.
［9］Anglen JO. Comparison of soap and antibiotic solutions for irrigation of lower-limb open fracture wounds: a prospective, randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg (Am), 2005, 87(7):1415-1422.
［10］Moscati RM, Mayrose J, Reardon RF, et al. A multicenter comparison of tap water versus sterile saline for wound irrigation. Acad Emerg Med, 2007, 14(5):404-409.
［11］Crowley DJ, Kanakaris NK, Giannoudis PV. Irrigation of the wounds in open fractures. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2007, 89(5):580-585.
［12］Petrisor B, Jeray K, Schemitsch E, et al. Fluid lavage in patients with open fracture wounds (FLOW): an international survey of 984 surgeons. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 2008, 9:7.
［13］Warner M, Henderson C, Kadrmas W, et al. Comparison of vacuum-assisted closure to the antibiotic bead pouch for the treatment of blast injury of the extremity. Orthopedics, 2010, 33(2):77-82.
［14］Glasser JS, Guymon CH, Mende K, et al. Activity of topical antimicrobial agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria recovered from burn patients. Burns, 2010, 36(8):1172-1184.
［15］Mendelson JA. Topical mafenide hydrochloride aqueous spray in initial management of massive contaminated wounds with devitalized tissue. Prehosp Disaster Med, 2001, 16(3):172-174.
［16］Helgeson MD, Potter BK, Tucker CJ, et al. Antibiotic-impregnated calcium sulfate use in combat-related open fractures. Orthopedics, 2009, 32(5):323.
［17］Zalavras CG, Patzakis MJ, Holtom P. Local antibiotic therapy in the treatment of open fractures and osteomyelitis. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2004, （427）:86-93.
［18］Moehring HD, Gravel C, Chapman MW, et al. Comparison of antibiotic beads and intravenous antibiotics in open fractures. Clin Orthop Relat Res, 2000, (372):254-261.
［19］Keating JF, Blachut PA, O’Brien PJ, et al. Reamed nailing of Gustilo grade-Ⅲb tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 2000, 82(8):1113-1116.
［20］Singer AJ, Dagum AB. Current management or acute cutaneous wounds. N Eng J Med, 2008, 359(10)：1037-1046.
［22］Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guideline for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections. Clin Infect Dis, 2005, 41(10)：1373-1406.
［23］Atiyeh BS, Costagliola M, Hayek SN, et al. Effect of silver on burn wound infection control and healing: review of the literature. Burns, 2007, 33(2):139-148.
［24］Yong D, Toleman MA, Giske CG, et al. Characterization of a new metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(NDM-1), and a novel erythromycin esterase gene carried on a unique genetic structure in klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 14 from India. Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 2009, 53(12):5046-5054.
［25］Ostermann PA, Seligson D, Henry SL. Local antibiotic therapy for severe open fractures. A review of 1085 consecutive cases. J Bone Joint Surg (Br), 1995, 77(1):93-97.
［26］Kuehn KD, Ege W, Gopp U. Acrylic bone cements: composition and properties. Orthop Clin North Am, 2005, 36（1）:17-28.
