Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) with bone filling container (BFC) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) by unilateral puncture approach in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures.Methods A retrospective case control study was conducted on 65 patients (65 vertebral bodies) with osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF) who received PVP from March 2015 to March 2017 in Henan Provincial People's Hospital.There were 21 males and 44 females,aged 60-91 years,with an average of 76.2 years.The patients were divided into PVP with BFC group (BFC group) and PKP group treated by unilateral puncture approach.There were 10 males and 23 females in BFC group,with an average age of 75.8 years (range,60-91 years).The injured segments were distributed at T10 in seven patients,T11 in nine,T12 in eight,L1 in five,and L2 in four patients.There were 11 males and 21 females in PKP group,with an average age of 76.7 years (range,60-88 years).The injured segments were distributed at T10 in five patients,T11 in seven,T12 in ten,L1 in eight,and L2 in two patients.The operation time,cement leakage,as well as pain visual analogue score (VAS),modified Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI) and the Cobb angle of the fractured vertebral body at 3 days after operation and 12 months after operation were recorded and compared.Results All operations were completed successfully,without serious complications.The patients were followed up for 16-29 months [(21.2 ± 4.5) months] in BFC group and 15-32 months [(23.8 ± 6.2) months] in PKP group.The operation time was (27.8 ± 3.6) minutes in BFC group and (31.0 ± 5.2) minutes in PKP group (P ＜ 0.05).Postoperative X-ray and CT showed that bone cements leakage occurred in three patients of BFC group (9％) and in ten patients of PKP group (31％) (P ＜0.05).The VAS at 3 days after operation in BFC group and PKP group was (2.3 ± 1.0) points and (2.1 ±0.8)points respectively.The VAS at 12 months after operation in BFC group and PKP group was (0.7 ± 0.7) points and (O.8 ± 0.7) points respectively.The postoperative VAS was significantly decreased compared with the preoperative VAS (P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The modified ODI at 3 days after operation in BFC group and PKP group were (31.5 ± 4.7) ％ and (30.4 ± 5.7) ％,respectively.The modified ODI at 12 months after operation in BFC group and PKP group was (16.7 ±4.9)％ and (15.1 ±5.6)％,respectively.The postoperative ODI were significantly decreased compared with the preoperative ODI(P ＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The Cobb angle of the fractured vertebral body at 3 days after operation in BFC group and PKP group was (9.2 ± 3.0) ° and (10.0 ±2.9)°,respectively.The Cobb angle of the fractured vertebral body at 12 months after operation was (9.6 ± 2.8)° and (10.3 ± 3.0)°respectively.The postoperative Cobb angle was significantly decreased compared with the preoperative Cobb angle (P ＜ 0.05),but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions For OVCF,PVP with BFC by unilateral puncture approach can shorten the operation time and reduce the leakage rate of bone cement.It has similar effects with PKP in pain relief,function improvement of daily life and the correction of fracture vertebral kyphosis.