Objective  To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of non-motor vehicle traffic injuries in Beijing so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of traffic injuries.  Methods  Non-motor vehicle traffic injury data recorded by Beijing Emergency Medical Center from 2004 to 2008 were used to analyze the distribution characteristics of casualty group and incidence time, accident type, injury sites and injury severity.  Results  (1) A total of 5 198 cases (at age of 18-59 years) injured in non-motor vehicle accidents were treated in Beijing Emergency Medical Center from 2004 to 2010 and had relatively complete medical records. (2) Non-motor vehicle collision with motor vehicles (3635 cases) was the main pattern of accident and was the key cause for death on scene (23 cases, 82%). (3) Non-motor vehicle traffic injuries increased from 2004 to 2010. Higher accident frequency within a day occurred at 8:00-11:00. (4) Most common injury site was lower limbs (1961 cases), followed by craniocerebral injury (1550 cases) and multiple trauma (980 cases).  Conclusions  Non-motor vehicles are vulnerable in traffic injuries. Therefore, non-motor vehicle injures can be reduced by improving road safety awareness, separating non-motor vehicles and motor vehicles in rush hour traffic, and wearing safety helmets and other protective tools.